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Massacres and genocides

Mass violence, accountability and remembrance.

Owner-supplied illustration of violence aboard a slave ship; not verified as a contemporary depiction of the Zong.Massacre

Zong massacre

The killing of enslaved Africans followed by a court dispute over their insurance value.

Herero and Nama prisoners during the 1904–1908 war against German colonial rule.Genocide

Herero and Nama genocide

Germany's colonial extermination campaign against Ovaherero and Nama communities.

The later memorial at Jallianwala Bagh.Massacre

Jallianwala Bagh massacre

The British Indian Army's mass shooting of a crowd in an enclosed Amritsar garden.

A modern map of the areas affected by the Sétif, Guelma and Kherrata massacres in 1945.Colonial massacres

Sétif, Guelma and Kherrata massacres

Mass repression of Algerians as Europe celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany.

An illustration from J. Ross Browne’s 1864 work depicting militia violence against an Indigenous camp.Genocide

California genocide

State-supported violence and coercive labour directed against California's Native peoples.

Later artistic depiction of the Sand Creek massacre.Massacre

Sand Creek massacre

A US military attack on a Cheyenne and Arapaho camp seeking peace.

Victims of starvation on a Kharkiv street in 1933, photographed by Alexander Wienerberger.Famine

The Holodomor

Mass starvation under Stalinist grain requisition and repression in Ukraine.

Composite of the mushroom clouds above Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right), August 1945.Nuclear attack

The atomic bombing of Hiroshima

The first use of an atomic bomb in war, destroying a city and killing tens of thousands of people.

Composite of the mushroom clouds above Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right), August 1945.Nuclear attack

The atomic bombing of Nagasaki

The second American atomic attack on a Japanese city, three days after Hiroshima.

A photograph published as a column of Armenian deportees near Mamuret-ul-Aziz during the genocide.Genocide

Armenian genocide

The organised destruction of Ottoman Armenian communities through killing, deportation and dispossession.

The Kigali Genocide Memorial, a later place of remembrance for the 1994 genocide.Genocide

Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda

An organised campaign that murdered Tutsi people and others who opposed extremist rule.

Gravestones at the Potočari memorial near Srebrenica.Genocide

Srebrenica genocide

The systematic killing of Bosniak men and boys after the fall of a UN-declared safe area.

The memorial stupa at Choeung Ek, Cambodia.Mass atrocity

Cambodian genocide

Khmer Rouge rule causing mass death through execution, forced labour, starvation and persecution.

The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall; a later commemorative site.Massacre

Nanjing massacre

Imperial Japanese forces committing mass murder and sexual violence after capturing Nanjing.

The destruction of Greenwood in the aftermath of the Tulsa race massacre, June 1921.Racial massacre

Tulsa race massacre

A white mob destroying Greenwood, a prosperous Black neighbourhood, through murder and arson.

A memorial at El Mozote, El Salvador.Massacre

El Mozote massacre

Salvadoran armed forces killing civilians during a scorched-earth counterinsurgency operation.

People killed or wounded after police fired at Sharpeville in 1960. This historical photograph shows the aftermath of violence.Massacre

Sharpeville massacre

Police killing demonstrators protesting apartheid's pass laws.