Contents
Leonhard Euler
Transforming mathematics, from calculus and number theory to the beginnings of graph theory.
The Basel problem · Seven bridges
- Born
- 15 April 1707
- Birthplace
- Basel, Switzerland
- Died
- 18 September 1783
More people
Leonhard Euler
A Swiss mathematician who worked in Saint Petersburg and Berlin, Euler gave modern mathematics much of its language. His research connected abstract problems with astronomy, mechanics and the flow of fluids.
Early life
Basel beginnings
The son of a pastor, he grew up in Riehen and received early mathematics instruction from his father.
A new direction
At the University of Basel, Johann Bernoulli encouraged his mathematical studies rather than a career in the church.
Career
- 1727
Saint Petersburg Academy
Moved to Russia to work at the academy, eventually succeeding Daniel Bernoulli as head of mathematics.
- 1741
Berlin years
Joined the Prussian academy and produced major books on analysis, calculus and mechanics.
- 1766
Return to Russia
Returned to Saint Petersburg and continued working with assistants as his eyesight failed.
Contributions
The Basel problem
Found the exact sum of the reciprocals of the square numbers, resolving a celebrated problem.
Seven bridges
Showed why a walk crossing each Königsberg bridge exactly once was impossible.
Introduction to analysis
Published a foundational text that helped establish functions at the centre of mathematical analysis.
Beyond mathematics
Working without sight
Severe loss of vision did not end his research: he dictated mathematics and worked with collaborators.
Science in letters
His letters to a German princess explained physics and philosophy for readers outside mathematics.
Sources & photo credit
Life, career and references ↗University of St Andrews biography ↗Photo: Jakob Emanuel Handmann. Public domain · Original image. Cropped and displayed in monochrome.
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