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Charles Nicolle
Microbiologist

Charles Nicolle

Famoose for

Identifying lice as the carriers of epidemic typhus.

Typhus transmission

Born
21 September 1866
Birthplace
Rouen
Died
28 February 1936

More people

Florence NightingaleHelping establish modern professional nursing.Alexander FlemingDiscovering penicillin’s antibacterial effect.Edward JennerDeveloping smallpox vaccination using material from cowpox.

Charles Nicolle

French bacteriologist who led the Pasteur Institute in Tunis and received the 1928 medicine Nobel Prize.

Early life

Medical upbringing

Grew up in Rouen with a physician father and studied medicine in Rouen and Paris, completing his qualification in 1893.

Career

  1. 1896–1902

    Rouen laboratory

    Directed the city’s bacteriological laboratory.

  2. 1903

    Tunis

    Became director of the Pasteur Institute.

  3. 1928

    Nobel recognition

    Received the medicine prize for work on typhus transmission.

Contributions

Typhus transmission

Established the role of body lice in spreading epidemic typhus.

Beyond work

Family

Married Alice Avice in 1895. Their children Marcelle and Pierre also entered medicine.

Sources & photo creditBiography and career ↗Biographical references ↗

Original photograph. Cropped and displayed in monochrome.

Photo: Roland Huet. Public domain · Original image. Cropped and displayed in monochrome.